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Trust the private sector, not Washington, to get job training right

Written By limadu on Kamis, 27 Februari 2014 | 23.53

(Fortune)

Washington's job training is an expensive, bureaucratic, ineffective mess. Start with the more than $18 billion spent on 47 training programs across nine agencies. Job Corps alone spends as much as $76,000 per person, often to place young people in minimum-wage jobs, according to a 2012 report by Oklahoma Sen. Tom Coburn. On top of that, the nonpartisan America Forward calculates that when all workforce-development programs are included, the price tag to taxpayers is closer to $60 billion a year. Just imagine all the political interests in congressional districts with long-term addictions to those federal contract dollars. Change won't come easily.


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New chapter begins in net neutrality fight

tom wheeler fcc

FCC chairman Tom Wheeler has his work cut out for him.

NEW YORK (CNNMoney)

On one side, federal regulators and content providers are trying to preserve competition and keep all websites equally accessible. On the other, Internet service providers want to hold down their costs while keeping up with Americans' ever-increasing demand for digital content.

These goals may be mutually exclusive, and it isn't yet clear which side will emerge victorious.

The Federal Communications Commission faced a big setback on this front in January, when a court struck down its "Open Internet" rules. The FCC had barred ISPs from blocking or "unreasonably discriminating" against Web content, but Verizon (VZ, Fortune 500) successfully challenged the regulations on the grounds that the so-called "net neutrality" rules had overstepped the commission's legal authority.

The FCC now faces the challenge of crafting new net neutrality regulations that will withstand legal scrutiny. FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler said last week that the agency plans to do just that.

"Wheeler has stood up and walked through town like the sheriff and said, 'Okay, the rules are still on,'" said Tim Wu, a professor at Columbia Law School who coined the term "net neutrality."

"Whether he's shooting blanks or bullets isn't clear yet, but he's on the beat."

Related: Google Fiber may be coming to a city near you

The FCC is currently collecting public comments before issuing its new set of regulations. Wheeler said those rules would prohibit ISPs from blocking websites, force them to disclose how they manage traffic and prevent them from favoring some kinds of traffic over others -- for example, loading Amazon (AMZN, Fortune 500) faster than eBay (EBAY, Fortune 500). The agency also wants to enhance competition among ISPs by reversing restrictions on broadband services from local governments.

AT&T (T, Fortune 500) and Comcast (CMCSA, Fortune 500) have committed to abiding by the 2010 rules despite the January ruling that overturned them. Yet at the same time, they've instituted policies that some argue are against the spirit of net neutrality.

Comcast and Netflix (NFLX) announced an agreement Sunday in which the online video company will boost streaming speeds by paying for direct access to Comcast's broadband network, instead of delivering traffic through third parties as it's done previously.

Related: Customers react to Comcast-TWC deal

Other big tech companies, including Microsoft, (MSFT, Fortune 500) Google (GOOG, Fortune 500) and Facebook (FB, Fortune 500) already have paid-connection deals with big ISPs.

The FCC's pending rules won't address these kinds of deals, which could nonetheless affect the kinds of content consumers can access.

Given the massive amount of data consumption Netflix generates -- around a third of traffic on big ISPs during peak hours -- some analysts say it makes sense for the company to pay up. If ISPs have the option of charging content distributors, that could allow them to bring down costs for consumers and reinvest in infrastructure.

"Right now, I think most people are using the Internet without too many problems," said Rich Greenfield, an analyst with BTIG. "The question becomes whether this is a solution looking for a problem."

But consumer advocates worry that such direct-access agreements favor deep-pocketed content companies over small ones. They have also expressed concern that the FCC's planned rules won't cover the mobile Web, which is much more lightly regulated.

Last month, AT&T announced a "sponsored data" plan for mobile customers in which content from paying businesses won't count against monthly data caps, creating concerns about traffic discrimination. Verizon and AT&T have also previously blocked use of the Google Wallet app, which competes with their own offerings.

Though FCC doesn't have a great track record on net neutrality -- its two previous attempts at regulation having been invalidated by court rulings -- the agency does have a "nuclear option." The FCC could move ISPs into the same legal category as phone companies, which are treated more like utilities and face stricter regulations. The FCC hasn't taken the reclassification option off the table, but isn't pursuing it for the moment. The move would surely meet resistance from the industry's well-funded lobbyists, of which Wheeler was previously one.

Meanwhile, the biggest broadband providers could get even bigger: Comcast recently announced plans to buy Time Warner Cable (TWC, Fortune 500) for $45 billion, potentially creating a combined company that would bring cable or Internet service to about 30% of American subscribers.

"When it comes to high-speed Internet access, you have a few massive players with unconstrained market power, and as a country, we're risking our future by not treating Internet access like a utility," said Susan Crawford, a professor at Cardozo Law School. "Instead we're serving the shareholders of the cable companies." To top of page

First Published: February 27, 2014: 10:22 AM ET


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Apple ends security updates for Snow Leopard

mac snow leopard

If you're running Snow Leopard, it's time to upgrade.

NEW YORK (CNNMoney)

Apple (AAPL, Fortune 500) has stopped issuing updates for Mac OS X 10.6, known as Snow Leopard. That means the company won't be sending out software fixes to protect you from hackers and computer viruses.

The Snow Leopard operating system, released in 2009 remains popular. Snow Leopard is still running on 19% of Macintosh computers, according to data tracker Net Applications. Apple has since released three new iterations of its Mac operating system, including Lion, Mountain Lion and Mavericks.

The good news for Snow Leopard users is that upgrading to the latest operating system is relatively easy -- and free. Most Snow Leopard users can download Mac OS X Mavericks from the Mac App Store, so long as they have the latest Snow Leopard update installed and their Mac was purchased in 2007 or later. Mavericks won't work with MacBooks and iMacs sold before 2007.

Related: Apple fixes security flaw for Macs

Snow Leopard users don't have to upgrade -- Macs running Mac OS X 10.6 will keep working without upgrading to Mavericks. But without the occasional software patches from Apple, bugs and security flaws will go unaddressed, making computers running Snow Leopard a potential target for hackers.

Macs are increasingly targeted by cyberattackers. The recently discovered security hole in Apple devices -- which allowed outsiders access to emails, instant messages and online bank transactions -- shows how significant updates can be. That bug was fixed earlier this week.

Like Snow Leopard, Microsoft (MSFT, Fortune 500) has announced that it will discontinue security updates for Windows XP on April 8. That will pose a potentially much more serious security problem. An amazing 29% of computers across the globe are still running Windows XP, according to NetMarketShare. Comparatively, just over 1% of the world's PCs are running Snow Leopard. To top of page

First Published: February 27, 2014: 10:51 AM ET


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Best travel tips ever

(Fortune)

Avoid baggage blues

If you're like me, you believe that there are two kinds of airline bags: carried on, and lost. And while the airlines are doing a better job with baggage these days, I still don't check bags on domestic flights. I FedEx them or UPS them (or there are 15 other courier services that will do this job). And for $40 to $50 -- not much more than what the airlines want to charge you for losing your bags or making you wait endlessly at baggage claim -- yours get picked up from your home or office and will be waiting for you in your hotel room by 10:30 the next morning. (Smart travelers send luggage two to three days ahead and get a big discount on shipping. Same thing for the way back home -- because who cares if your dirty laundry arrives three days after you do?)

Pick the farm-team airports

Unless I'm flying long-haul international nonstop, I try to forget O'Hare, J.F.K., San Francisco, and Boston. Instead, in good weather or bad, I head from, to, or through Milwaukee, Islip, Oakland, and Providence. Those are the alternative airports that function so much better than their huge counterparts. San Francisco is often weather challenged, with low fog -- not so Oakland. Milwaukee is actually Chicago's third (and secret) airport. Just look in the parking lot: A third of the cars have Illinois plates, which tells you everything you need to know. Providence allows you to avoid the congestion and delays of Logan, and last but never least is the often forgotten gem of MacArthur airport in Islip, N.Y. These airports have better parking and fewer delays, and maybe it's just me, but people yell a lot less there. I save time, I often save money, and I almost always save stress.


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Top debt collection complaints

past due

Thousands of consumers are complaining about obnoxious debt collectors.

NEW YORK (CNNMoney)

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau began accepting debt collection complaints in July and has already received more than 11,000 -- the second highest amount after mortgage complaints, according to analysis from the U.S. Public Interest Research Group.

The most common grievance from consumers: That a debt collector came after them for a debt they didn't even owe. About 2,700, or 25%, of complaints were about this.

Next on the list was harassing phone calls, with 13% of consumers saying debt collectors had called them repeatedly or far too frequently. Another 13% said they weren't given enough information to verify that the debt was in fact theirs or that they owed the correct amount.

Related: Debt collection horror stories

Among the other complaints: that collectors tried to go after debts that have already been paid, attempted to collect an incorrect amount, talked about the debt with a third-party like a family member or neighbor, threatened to take legal action against a debtor or contacted a consumer after being asked to leave them alone.

About one in five consumers who have lodged complaints with the CFPB about debt collection have received some sort of relief as a result -- with 3% receiving refunds or compensation and 19% receiving non-monetary relief, such as stopping unwanted calls. But the majority, or 70% of complaints, were left unresolved.

The CFPB is currently reviewing the complaints and collecting comments from consumers, companies and industry experts about ways the agency could rein in unacceptable practices among debt collectors. To top of page

First Published: February 27, 2014: 10:00 AM ET


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She's back! Yellen testifies before the Senate

NEW YORK (CNNMoney)

The head of the Federal Reserve is testifying before the Senate Banking Committee on Thursday. Originally scheduled for two weeks ago, the hearing was postponed due to a snow storm in Washington.

Yellen's prepared remarks are expected to be identical to those she delivered two weeks ago before the House Financial Services Committee, but the Q&A session is where things could get interesting.

Data released since then have pointed to continued weakness in the U.S. economy. Retail sales, home construction and factory production all declined more than expected in January.

Experts generally believe the economy has hit a temporary soft patch due to harsh winter weather. If that's the case, there's not much reason to worry: Economists expect things to pick up again in the spring. They'll be closely listening to see if Yellen subscribes to that same theory.

In her prior testimony, Yellen stressed that she expects "a great deal of continuity" in Fed policy following in the footsteps of previous Chairman Ben Bernanke. Investors were encouraged by that message, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average climbed about 190 points that day.

The Fed is winding down its bond-buying program. Whereas the central bank had previously been buying $85 billion in bonds each month, the Fed cut its purchases to $75 billion in January, and then to $65 billion in February.

In her testimony two weeks ago, Yellen said the Fed plans to continue contracting the stimulus program "in further measured steps at future meetings." The Fed's next meeting is scheduled for March 18-19. She also reiterated that the Fed intends to keep its key interest rate near zero "well past the time" the unemployment rate falls to 6.5%.

Related: Fed debated how to signal a rate hike

The unemployment rate came awfully close to that level in January, when it fell to 6.6%. Minutes released from the Fed's January meeting have since shown that the officials are discussing a new communications strategy, given the unemployment rate has neared their goal but still the economy seems weaker than they would like.

Some members also believe the Fed should stress that it intends to keep interest rates low, as long as inflation remains below its long-run goal of 2% a year. Lately, the Fed's preferred measure of inflation has been persistently low, hovering around 1.2% as of January. To top of page

First Published: February 27, 2014: 9:59 AM ET


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Stocks: Yellen and retailers in focus

Dow 10

Click the chart for more markets data.

NEW YORK (CNNMoney)

The Dow, S&P 500, and Nasdaq closed little changed Wednesday. But the S&P 500 is still close to its record high.

Investors around the world are once again turning to the Fed for clues about monetary policy.

Yellen testified before the Senate Banking Committee this morning. The Fed began dialing back its unprecedented stimulus in December, and is currently purchasing $65 billion in bonds per month, down from a monthly $85 billion last year.

Market strategists expect the Fed to keep scaling back its bond-buying program, but will be listening in to Yellen for hints about when the central bank may raise interest rates. The Fed has maintained that interest rates will stay low for some time, but minutes from its January meeting showed some internal debate within the Fed about whether rates should be raised sooner rather than later.

Yellen was originally scheduled to speak two weeks ago when she also testified before the House, but her appearance was delayed due to bad weather. Stocks rallied following her comments two weeks ago.

Related: CNN coverage of Ukraine crisis

Investors were also keeping a close eye on the tension in Ukraine. European markets were under pressure in afternoon trading as traders fretted about the formation of a new Ukrainian government and its increasingly dire economic situation. Asian markets ended with mixed results.

In corporate news, investors seemed to like what they're hearing from some struggling retailers.

Shares of J.C. Penney (JCP, Fortune 500) soared more than 21% after the retailer reported a narrower-than-expected quarterly loss and said it expects same-store sales to rise by 3% to 5% during the current quarter. After a rough few years, investors may be getting hopeful that the company can finally deliver on its much-hyped turnaround strategy.

Related: Fear & Greed Index shifts back to neutral

Best Buy (BBY, Fortune 500) shares also jumped after the electronics retailer reported quarterly earnings that had returned to profit from earlier losses. The company has experienced its fair share of problems in recent years as consumers have turned to online shopping.

Tesla (TSLA) shares initially got a boost Thursday after the automaker announced it was raising $1.6 billion to fund its expansion plans. But shares pulled back were lower in mid-morning trading. Still. the electric car company's stock has soared almost 50% in the past month and hit a high of $265 per share Wednesday.

Shares of Chinese search engine Baidu (BIDU) popped after the company posted solid earnings and sales. The stock was the best performer in CNNMoney's Tech 30 index. To top of page

First Published: February 27, 2014: 9:56 AM ET


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J.C. Penney shares soar 20%

JCP

Click for more data on J.C. Penney stock.

NEW YORK (CNNMoney)

Shares of the troubled retailer soared more than 20% Thursday after the company said that same-store sales grew 2% in the fourth quarter. That's the first quarterly sales gain since the second quarter of 2011.

J.C. Penney (JCP, Fortune 500) also reported solid holiday sales and said profit margins have improved. It expects the momentum to continue, forecasting sales growth in "the mid single digits" this year.

The results "reflect the progress we have made in our turnaround," said CEO Mike Ullman.

J.C. Penney has been getting back to basics since Ron Johnson, a one-time Apple (AAPL, Fortune 500) executive, stepped down as CEO last year. Ullman, who ran the company before Johnson, has been bringing back discount brands and refocusing on J.C. Penney's core customers.

And the company has taken a number of steps to shore up its finances. Ullman said J.C. Penney ended the year with $1.5 billion in cash.

"The most challenging and expensive parts of the turnaround are behind us," Ullman told analysts in a conference call.

The company even eked out a small profit in the quarter. But that was mostly due to gains from an income tax benefit and asset sales.

The century-old department store chain has been swimming in red ink for the past few years as it struggles to compete with online retailers.

Related: Abercrombie & Fitch soars despite weak sales

J.C. Penney shares plunged last year as investors worried about the company's future as a going concern. Even with Thursday's rally, the stock is still down 20% for the year.

But J.C. Penney is not the only struggling retailer to impress Wall Street this week with better-than-expected results.

Sears (SHLD, Fortune 500) reported another round of heavy losses for the fourth quarter on Thursday. But the results topped analysts' forecasts. Sears shares were up in early trading.

Target (TGT, Fortune 500)shares surged Wednesday even though earnings sank due to a massive data breach and weak Canada sales. As bad as results were, they still topped Wall Street's expectations.

Investors also bid up shares of Best Buy (BBY, Fortune 500), Barnes & Noble (BKS, Fortune 500) and Abercrombie & Fitch (ANF) this week. To top of page

First Published: February 27, 2014: 10:31 AM ET


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Ukraine crisis spills onto world markets

LONDON (CNNMoney)

Stock markets fell and the dollar, Swiss franc and gold gained as investors sought refuge in traditional "safe haven" assets.

Financial fallout from last week's removal of a pro-Russian government in Ukraine had been largely limited to the currencies of both countries.

But the crisis spilled onto world markets after armed men occupied government buildings in the Ukrainian region of Crimea and raised the Russian flag, a day after Moscow ordered massive military exercises just across the border.

"That Russia's leadership would react negatively to the overthrow of a pro-Moscow administration in Kiev is hardly a surprise," wrote Kit Juckes, global strategist for Societe Generale in London. "But the market's mood has soured somewhat at the latest developments and risk appetite has been hit."

All Europe's major indexes were in the red, with Germany's DAX suffering the most. It stood 1% lower in afternoon trade. U.S. stock markets were flat.

Related: CNN coverage of Ukraine

The dollar gained ground against the euro and central European currencies, while gold was 0.5% firmer.

Three months of mass protests in the capital Kiev culminated in last week's ousting of President Viktor Yanukovych. He had sought closer ties with Moscow, angering many Ukrainians who want the country to embrace the European Union.

Yanukovych fled -- his whereabouts are still unknown -- but he retains significant support among many Russian speakers in Ukraine's east and south, including Crimea, home to Russia's Black Sea naval fleet.

The political turmoil has left Ukraine staring bankruptcy in the face. Russia has frozen a $15 billion lifeline it offered late last year. Western powers have yet to agree to emergency support to keep the economy running for the next few months while the nation holds new elections and negotiates a formal bailout with the International Monetary Fund.

The U.S. is considering $1 billion in loan guarantees for Kiev. But the country will need much more help than that. Acting finance minister Yuriy Kolobov said Monday that Ukraine needs $35 billion over the next two years.

The International Monetary Fund confirmed Thursday it had received a request for help. An IMF team will arrive in Kiev next week to make its own assessment of the situation and begin talks on the economic reforms a bailout would require.

The IMF was ready to work with the interim government and could move quickly if necessary, a spokesman said.

"We are also discussing with all our international partners -- bilateral and multilateral -- how best to help Ukraine at this critical moment in its history," Managing Director Christine Lagarde said in a statement.

Related: What next for Ukraine's economy?

Ukraine has about $13 billion worth of debt due this year, including a $1 billion bond in June, arrears on Russian gas imports, and about $3 billion owed to the IMF.

Its foreign currency reserves have fallen so low that the central bank has been forced to abandon support for the currency -- the hrvynia. It plunged 10% Thursday and has now lost over a third of its value against the dollar since the start of the year.

Even if conflict is avoided, some analysts fear that Ukraine's depressed economy will be torn apart by tensions between Russia and the EU -- its two biggest trading partners.

"A replay of the Cold War would cause immense damage to both Russia and Europe, and most of all to Ukraine, which is situated between them," wrote hedge fund heavyweight George Soros this week. "Ukraine depends on Russian gas, and it needs access to European markets for its products; it must have good relations with both sides."

-- CNNMoney's Jennifer Liberto contributed to this article. To top of page

First Published: February 27, 2014: 7:56 AM ET


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How young tech millionaires invest

mike zhang young millionaire

Mike Zhang, 23, became a millionaire recently after he sold an online company he started at the age of 14.

NEW YORK (CNNMoney)

Wealth managers from some of the largest Wall Street firms -- including Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch and Credit Suisse -- started pursuing the freshly minted millionaire. Some even sent him gifts in an effort to woo his business.

But Zhang, now 23 years old, was turned off by their approach.

"When I have a rainy day, I don't want to talk to an opportunist," he said.

Zhang instead turned to Andrew Palmer, a managing director at Bel Air Investment Advisors. The two had met in the summer of 2011 at an event where Zhang was being honored with an entrepreneurship award for his success as the founder and CEO of Airsoft Megastore, an online store for lifelike toy guns and plastic BBs used in simulation combat competitions known as airsoft games. It's sort of like paintball.

He started the company in 2004, when he was just 14, after returning from a trip visiting relatives in China. Zhang found that the airsoft guns and gear were selling for much less in China than they were in the U.S. He convinced his parents to let him import products from China and sell them online.

Related: WhatsApp founder: Food stamps to billionaire

After he graduated high school in 2008, Zhang attended the University of California-Berkeley's business program for a few months before deciding to drop out to run his business full-time. When he sold the company to another entrepreneur, it was generating more than $20 million in annual revenue.

Though Zhang didn't much have money to invest when he first met Palmer, the young entrepreneur appreciated Palmer's interest in his company and advice. And by the time the sale happened, Zhang said Palmer had become "a trusted advisor." So early last year, Palmer helped Zhang use a small chunk of his new wealth to start another company. Palmer is managing the remainder of it -- about $10 million.

Bel Air, which primarily manages money for very wealthy individuals, has been getting a number of new clients like Zhang lately: young, newly-made tech millionaires.

"They tend to more hands-on, engaged and interested in details than our typical entrepreneur clients," said Darrell Krasnoff, also a managing director at Bel Air. "They come to us with an engineer's approach, so we go deeper with the amount of information we give them. We show them more data, charts and graphics to show what's possible."

What are they investing in? Mostly stocks. But Bel Air's younger clients are also putting a sizable chunk in riskier alternative investments like hedge funds, master limited partnerships and real estate as well as safer, income generating assets like bonds. In other words, they are making sure their portfolios are diverse.

The entrepreneurs also like to keep between 10% and 15% of their assets free to invest in their own ventures or other start-ups.

"These young, successful clients have a mentality that the world is their oyster, that they'll continue to succeed," said Krasnoff. "Very few sell their companies and retire. Most of the time, they're on to their next project almost immediately."

To that end, Zhang recently launched RetailOps.com, software to help e-commerce companies operate more efficiently.

Related: 15 best financial sites and apps

But not all young entrepreneurs are looking to traditional financial advisors to help them manage their money. A growing number of them are also, unsurprisingly, relying on a service with roots in the tech world.

Wealthfront, which CNNMoney named as one of the 15 best financial apps and sites last year, is the fastest-growing online financial advisor. Assets have ballooned from less than $100 million at the start of 2013 to more than $650 million today.

Nearly 60% of the site's customers are under the age of 35, and many are based in Silicon Valley. The top employers of their clients are a Who's Who of influential tech companies: Google, Facebook, LinkedIn, Microsoft, Twitter, eBay, Amazon and Apple.

On average, these younger Wealthfront customers have just under $100,000 in their accounts.

"These are people who grew up on computers, they're comfortable with software, and they have a lot of wealth because their companies share it with them," said Wealthfront CEO Adam Nash. "They really like the idea of an investment system that's automated, so they can spend more time on what they care most about."

Nash, who has an engineering background, is frequently invited to tech companies to talk about how their employees should manage their personal finances.

He first did the talk at LinkedIn (LNKD) about a month before it went public. Last October, he delivered the presentation to workers at Twitter (TWTR) just before its IPO. Nash covers topics from behavioral finance theories to the benefits of compound growth. He stresses what it takes to achieve long-term investing success.

"It's not that millennials don't trust the stock market, but ... they don't think there's a way to beat the market," Nash said. "They're actually pretty realistic in their expectations. They know that the market goes up over time, but they've been through two crashes. That's why they like the idea of passive, diversified investments."

Zhang agreed. He said he's not trying to live off the money he made by selling his company.

He hopes his investments will grow conservatively -- and that he'd rather spend more time working on his latest start-up than worrying about the daily ups and downs of the stock market. To top of page

First Published: February 27, 2014: 9:14 AM ET


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